F.Sc 1st year Biology easy Notes, Important SQs and MCQs: chapter 01 Branches and Biological Organization

 Hey everyone, I am excited to share my notes on Chapter 01: Introduction for F.Sc Pre Medical 1st year. This chapter is the foundation of the whole course and covers important topics such as the history of biology, branches of biology, levels of organization, and the scientific method.

I have compiled comprehensive notes that are easy to understand and follow. Whether you're a student or a teacher, these notes can be a valuable resource to supplement your learning and teaching.

If you're interested in downloading the notes, please let me know in the comments below, and I will share them with you. Stay tuned for more notes on other chapters as well. #FScPreMedical #1stYear #BiologyNotes #IntroductionChapter #ScienceEducation #PakistanEducationSystem

Note: this post includes following topics of chapter No. 01

1. BIOLOGY AND SOME MAJOR FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION
2. Few Branches of Biology
3. LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (Introduction)

Introduction to Biology and its Major Branches

Biology is the study of living things and it helps us understand nature. Biologists focus on living things and how non-living things affect them. They aim to explain and describe the natural world of living things. Biology literally means the study of life, although some aspects of life lie beyond the scope of biology, such as questions about the meaning of life.

Characteristics of Living Things:

Living organisms are highly organized, complex entities, composed of one or more cells, contain a genetic program, can acquire and use energy, carry out and control numerous chemical reactions, grow in size, maintain a fairly constant internal environment, produce offspring similar to themselves, and respond to changes in their environment.

Branches of Biology:

Biology is a vast field of study, encompassing every aspect of a living thing. Therefore, to better understand and study biology, it is divided into many branches. Some of the major branches of biology include Ecology, Embryology, Physiology, Morphology, Palaeontology, Histology, Evolution, Genetics, Zoogeography, Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Marine Biology, Environmental Biology, Freshwater Biology, Parasitology, Human Biology, Social Biology, and Biotechnology. Each branch deals with different aspects of living things, such as environmental relations, development, functions, structure, form, ancestral history, heredity, and distribution of animals in nature.

Molecular Biology

Molecular Biology is a field of biology that studies the tiny structures inside organisms and cells.

Environmental Biology

Environmental Biology is the study of how living things interact with their surroundings. This includes how human activities affect the environment.

Microbiology

Microbiology is the study of tiny organisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Freshwater Biology

Freshwater Biology is the study of organisms that live in freshwater, like rivers and lakes. It also looks at the chemical and physical properties of these bodies of water.

Marine Biology

Marine Biology is the study of life in oceans and seas. This includes the study of marine life, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the ocean that affect it.

Parasitology

Parasitology is the study of parasites, including their structure, how they spread, and their relationship with their hosts.

Human Biology

Human Biology is the study of the human body, including its form, structure, function, genetics, and evolution.

Social Biology

Social Biology is the study of how human beings interact with each other and live together in communities.

Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, systems, or processes to create products and services in various industries.

Levels of Biological Organization

Living organisms are made up of chemical compounds which are formed by only 16 bioelements out of the 92 naturally occurring chemical elements. These bioelements are commonly found in all living organisms and have special properties which make them ideal as the basis for life. In humans, six bioelements make up 99% of the total mass - oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Other bioelements, such as potassium, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine, make up about 1%.

Here is the percentage composition of bio elements by mass of a human being:

Oxygen: 65%

Carbon: 18%

Hydrogen: 10%

Nitrogen: 3%

Calcium: 2%

Phosphorus: 1%

Other bio elements (about 1%):

Potassium (0.35%)

Sulphur (0.25%)

Chlorine (0.15%)

Sodium (0.15%)

Magnesium (0.05%)

Iron (0.004%)

Copper (trace)

Manganese (trace)

Zinc (trace)

Iodine (trace)

Complexity of Biological Organization:

Living organisms are complex due to the high degree of complexity of their biological organization. They are able to carry out a number of processes, some of which are very complicated, which distinguish them from non-living things. Living things have built-in regulatory mechanisms that interact with the environment to maintain their structural and functional integrity. They are composed of highly structured living substance or protoplasm.

Levels of Biological Organization:

To better understand the different phenomena of life, biologists study biological organization at different levels, starting from the basic level of subatomic and atomic particles to the organism itself and beyond. The study of community, population, and the entire world are also included.

See More: on blog 

Possible Short Questions from above topic: 

• What is biology?
• What are the characteristics of living things?
• What are the major branches of biology?
• What is molecular biology?
• What is environmental biology?
• What is microbiology?
• What is freshwater biology?
• What is marine biology?
• What is parasitology?
• What is human biology?
• What is social biology?
• What is biotechnology?
• What are the bioelements that make up living organisms?
• What is the complexity of biological organization?
• What are the levels of biological organization?

Hashtags: 

#FScPreMedical

#1stYear

#BiologyNotes

#IntroductionChapter

#ScienceEducation

#PakistanEducationSystem

#IntroductionToBiology

#MajorBranchesOfBiology

#Ecology

#Embryology

#Physiology

#Morphology

#Palaeontology

#Histology

#Evolution

#Genetics

#Zoogeography

#MolecularBiology

#Microbiology

#EnvironmentalBiology

#FreshwaterBiology

#MarineBiology

#Parasitology

#HumanBiology

#Biotechnology

Image source: Source